Foto Model Bait Suci
Photo credit: thirdtempleworld.com
Also see: | |
Paintings by by James Jacques Tissot (French painter and |
Bait pertama di Yerusalem dibangun oleh Raja Salomo, putra Raja Daud. Sebelum kematiannya Daud telah "sekuat" menyediakan materi dalam kelimpahan yang besar untuk membangun candi di puncak Gunung Moriah (1Chronicles 22:14, 29:4; 2Chronicles 3:1), di sebelah timur kota , di tempat di mana Abraham telah mempersembahkan Ishak (Kejadian 22:1-14).
Bait pertama dibakar, dijarah dan dihancurkan oleh Raja Nebukadnezar dari Babel (2 Raja-raja 24:13; 2Chronicles 36:7), yang membawa semua harta candi dengan dia ke Babel.
Apa yang dikenal sebagai candi kedua dibangun di lokasi yang sama dengan kuil pertama. Fondasi candi kedua diletakkan sekitar 535 SM oleh orang buangan Yahudi kembali dari pembuangan di Babel. Ketika Herodes Agung menjadi raja Yudea candi kedua telah berdiri selama lima ratus tahun. Bangunan ini telah menderita jauh dari pembusukan alami selama bertahun-tahun serta dari serangan tentara bermusuhan, dan Herodes, berkeinginan memperoleh nikmat dari orang Yahudi, mengusulkan untuk membangunnya kembali. Tawaran ini diterima, dan pekerjaan dimulai (20 SM), dan dilaksanakan pada tenaga kerja yang besar dan biaya, dan pada skala melebihi kemegahan.
Bagian utama dari bangunan itu selesai dalam sepuluh tahun, namun ereksi pengadilan luar dan perhiasan dari keseluruhan telah dijalankan selama periode seluruh kehidupan Yesus di bumi (Yohanes 2:16, Yohanes 2:19-21 ). Candi ini selesai pada 65 Masehi.
Candi Namun, tidak lama diizinkan untuk ada. Legiun Romawi mengambil kota Yerusalem oleh badai, dan meskipun upaya keras Titus dilakukan untuk melestarikan candi, prajuritnya membakarnya di beberapa tempat. Perusakan candi dimulai pada tanggal 9 Ab (Ibrani bulan), pada hari yang sama kehancuran kuil pertama Yerusalem dimulai pada 585 SM Kehancuran Bait itu selesai pada Ab 10 tahun dalam bahasa Ibrani, (sipil) 3831 yang sesuai dengan Minggu, 5 Agustus pada tahun 70 Masehi
Ketika Roma Hancurkan Yerusalem
Mulai dari malam matahari terbenam, orang-orang Yahudi di seluruh dunia akan memperingati kehancuran Bait Suci oleh Romawi pada tahun 70 Masehi. liburan ini dikenal sebagai Tisha B'Av (tanggal sembilan Av), yang merupakan hari pada kalender Yahudi yang secara tradisional menandai kehancuran kedua Salomo dan kuil Herodes. gambar hari ini adalah jatuh batu dari kehancuran Romawi peletakan seperti yang ditemukan ketika para arkeolog ditemukan di tahun 1960-an dan 70-an.
Ketika hancur dalam 70 CE Yerusalem dianggap sebagai salah satu kota yang paling indah. Hal ini dianggap mencerminkan kemuliaan Allah dan banyak orang datang sebagai turis ke Yerusalem dan Bait Sucinya. Talmud Babel menyatakan:
"Siapa pun tidak melihat Bait Suci Herodes berdiri tidak pernah melihat sebuah bangunan yang indah seluruh hidupnya" (Succah 51b).
Bait Yahweh Salomo kemudian dibangun kembali oleh Herodes yang dihancurkan tahun 70 oleh pasukan Roma.
Pada pertengahan hingga akhir 60-CE, Roma berjuang untuk meletakkan sebuah pemberontakan Yahudi di Palestina. Titus, kaisar masa depan Roma, menghancurkan Yerusalem dan kuil untuk mencegah orang-orang Yahudi dari memiliki perasaan nasionalistik terhubung ke kota. Setelah kehancuran kota, orang Yahudi umumnya dilarang untuk masuk ke dalam reruntuhan. Sekali setahun, bagaimanapun, mereka diizinkan masuk dalam rangka berkabung kehancuran candi.
Pada 132 CE, Kaisar Hadrian adalah memperkuat kekuasaan Romawi di Palestina. Dia juga mulai untuk membangun kembali Yerusalem sebagai kota Romawi, yang orang Yahudi melihat sebagai pertanda buruk dan pemberontakan Yahudi kedua dimulai yang berlangsung hingga 135 Masehi.
Pemimpin spiritual pemberontakan itu Rabi Akiba dari Kaisarea yang dieksekusi oleh Roma. Pemimpin militer adalah seorang Yahudi bernama Simon yang memiliki kualitas Mesianik dan aspirasi. Ia menerima nama Bar Kokhba, muncul "Anak Bintang." Ini yang untuk sementara mereka telah menguasai Yerusalem, tetapi akhirnya hilang.
Setelah pemberontakan kedua dikalahkan, Yerusalem dibangun kembali oleh Roma yang berganti nama dalam upaya untuk menghapus nama dari sejarah. Ia kembali bernama Aelia Capitolina. Aelia adalah keluarga Hadrian dan Capitolina adalah trinitas dewa di bukit Romawi dan sekarang dinyatakan sebagai bagian dari kota baru. Kota tua Yerusalem hari ini banyak didasarkan pada pola kota Romawi kuno, termasuk dinding, jalan lay out dan gerbang.
Selain memperingati penghancuran dua candi, orang-orang Yahudi juga akan mengingat banyak calamites yang menimpa mereka selama sejarah panjang mereka. Hal ini sungguh-sungguh cepat hari dan banyak orang akan menahan diri dari mencuci, bekerja dan bahkan salam satu sama lain.
The Temple Mount, when King Herod enlarged and rebuilt it and the Temple in 19 B.C.E.
Secrets of Jerusalem's Temple Mount, by Leen and Kathleen Ritmeyer. BAS, 1998.
Pada 132 CE, Kaisar Hadrian adalah memperkuat kekuasaan Romawi di Palestina. Dia juga mulai untuk membangun kembali Yerusalem sebagai kota Romawi, yang orang Yahudi melihat sebagai pertanda buruk dan pemberontakan Yahudi kedua dimulai yang berlangsung hingga 135 Masehi.
Pemimpin spiritual pemberontakan itu Rabi Akiba dari Kaisarea yang dieksekusi oleh Roma. Pemimpin militer adalah seorang Yahudi bernama Simon yang memiliki kualitas Mesianik dan aspirasi. Ia menerima nama Bar Kokhba, muncul "Anak Bintang." Ini yang untuk sementara mereka telah menguasai Yerusalem, tetapi akhirnya hilang.
Setelah pemberontakan kedua dikalahkan, Yerusalem dibangun kembali oleh Roma yang berganti nama dalam upaya untuk menghapus nama dari sejarah. Ia kembali bernama Aelia Capitolina. Aelia adalah keluarga Hadrian dan Capitolina adalah trinitas dewa di bukit Romawi dan sekarang dinyatakan sebagai bagian dari kota baru. Kota tua Yerusalem hari ini banyak didasarkan pada pola kota Romawi kuno, termasuk dinding, jalan lay out dan gerbang.
Selain memperingati penghancuran dua candi, orang-orang Yahudi juga akan mengingat banyak calamites yang menimpa mereka selama sejarah panjang mereka. Hal ini sungguh-sungguh cepat hari dan banyak orang akan menahan diri dari mencuci, bekerja dan bahkan salam satu sama lain.
The Annual Feast of Passover pilgrims streaming into the city of Jerusalem through the gates to participate in the Day of Atonement services. But another glorious feast was the `Feast of Tabernacles'. Though represented by very simple means, it was a symbol of faith what will happen in heaven after the reign of sin as this sermon, which will give you hope and peace, shows. This may have been the approximate appearance before King Solomon built the Temple. The sides of the hill were filled in with retaining walls, rocks and dirt to enlarge it for the Temple. See Encyclopedia for additional links. |
1 | The Interior of King Solomon's Palace - Banquet Scene - Solomon's Temple and Citadel. Visit of the Queen of Sheba/Shwa/Thebes - 1.Kings 10 - Pharaoh Hatshepsut. |
2 | House of Pharaoh's Daughter - King Solomon's wife or Queen - King Solomon's Citadel. Song of Solomon - Abishag the Shulamite. See also the site of King David's Palace. |
3 | Porch of Pillars of King Solomon's Temple and Citadel. 1.Kings 7:6-21. When the priests on the feast days slowly made their way up the steps to the Sanctuary, they would sing the Psalms of Ascent (Psalms 120-136). This porch measured 50 x 30 cubits, 1.Ki. 7:6. |
4 | Porch of Judgment of King Solomon's Temple and Citadel. 1.Kings 7:7 |
5 | King Solomon's Treasure Room. 1.Kings 10:14-29 |
12 | Sideview of Solomon's Temple of Jerusalem. |
13 | Frontal View of King Solomon's Temple at Jerusalem. |
15 | The Artist's City Plan of Jerusalem to accomodate all of Solomon's constructions. |
16 |
Some certain and some tentative identifications #1 - The Lord's Temple built by Solomon #2 - The Gate to the inner Temple Court #3 - The outer Temple Court #4 - Likely Edifice of the House of Treasures #5 - The House of Pharaoh's Daughter #6 - The Porch of Judgment #7 - Solomon's Palace #8 - The House of the Forest of Lebanon #9 - Possible site of the Porch of Pillars to the Temple and Citadel coming from the Palace of Solomon and the House of the Forest of Lebanon. |
Most people know Herod the Great as the king who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents at the time of Jesus' birth. But as well as this he was one of the greatest builders of the ancient world - he rebuilt the Temple on a grand scale. Construction lasted for 46 years. The area of the Temple Mount was doubled and surrounded by a high wall with massive gates. The Temple was raised, enlarged, and faced with beautiful white stone. Its courtyards served as a gathering place and its shaded porticoes sheltered merchants and money changers. A great door led to the sanctuary, at the western end of which was the Holy of Holies. The Temple was not only the center of religious ritual. It was also the place where the Holy Scriptures and other important Jewish literature was kept. It was the meeting place of the Sanhedrin, the High Court of Jews during the Roman period. For more pictures and information, go to BIBLE ARCHITECTURE: JERUSALEM | |||||
MASADA - THE PALACE Masada is perched on top of an isolated rock cliff at the western end of the Judean Desert. It is a place of gaunt and majestic beauty. The land falls steeply away on every side, making it a natural fortress. It is famous for the palaces built there by King Herod the Great. The one illustrated at right was on the northern edge of a steep cliff, with a splendid view. The three buildings shown here were an small but elegant palace-villa for the king. They were separated from the fortress and administrative buildings at Masada so that the king and his favorites could enjoy total privacy and security. This northern palace consists of three terraces, luxuriously built, with a narrow, rock-cut staircase connecting them. On the upper terrace, several rooms served as living quarters. In front of them was a semi-circular balcony with two concentric rows of columns. The rooms were paved with black and white mosaics in geometric patterns. For more pictures and information, go to BIBLE ARCHITECTURE: MASADA | | ||||
MASADA - WATER STORAGE Though it had beautiful palace buildings and luxurious living quarters, Masada was primarily a fortress, built as a refuge in times of danger. This meant it had to be ready to withstand a long siege if necessary, with sufficient supplies of food and water for hundreds of people. The water supply at Masada was guaranteed by a network of large, rock-hewn cisterns on the northwestern side of the hill. They filled during the winter with rainwater flowing in streams from the high side of the plateau, and could be relied on to supply all the needs of the people sheltering in the fortress. One of these cisterns is illustrated at right. It supplied water for drinking, bathing and day-to-day needs. The effectiveness of these cisterns was tested when the Romans laid siege to Masada in 72AD. For two years the defenders of the fortress were able to hold off the attackers, and throughout all this time they were never short of food or water. In the end, they were only defeated when the Romans built a siege ramp and moved a battering ram up to the walls of the fortress, breaching the wall. For more pictures and information, go to BIBLE ARCHITECTURE: MASADA | | ||||
THE FORTRESS OF MACHAERUS Machaerus was never really a pleasant place to be. A forbidding fortress, it was built to intimidate and control the troubled area between Palestine and Petra. It did its job well. According to the Jewish historian Josephus, the fortress of Machaerus was the place in which John the Baptist was imprisoned and then beheaded (Bellum VII.6.1-2). This makes sense. Herod was frightened by John's fearless criticism of him, and his power to stir people up. He sensed he had met someone he could not control. Putting John into the prison at Machaerus removed John from his followers, and stopped them from communicating with their leader. No-one could get in or out of Machaerus without Herod knowing about it. When Herod decided to kill John, the walls of the fortess meant there was no-one to oppose him. When the Jewish Revolt broke out in 66AD, the Jewish rebels holed up within Machaerus' seemingly impregnable walls. But the Romans built siege works around the base of the fortress, leading up towards the walls. When the lower part of the fortress was captured and burned, the people in the upper city surrendered. You can still see part of the Roman siege ramp on the west side of the mound, and ruins of the Roman camp lie on the hill to the west. For more pictures and information, go to BIBLE ARCHITECTURE: MACHAERUS | | ||||
MEGIDDO - THE GATES The most vulnerable spot in any fortress was the gateway. Over a period of time, city gates became formidable points of entry, daunting for any enemy. At Megiddo (and also at Samaria and Lachish) the gate was guarded by a double set of towers. From these an enemy could be pelted with a range of missiles - spears, arrows, stones, etc. This kept him from coming too close to the gate. If however he used something like a covered battering ram, he might get close to the gate and break it down. At this stage he would find himself channeled into the passage between the gates, which had chambers on either side that acted as firing positions for the defenders. The attacker found himself exposed to crossfire from two, three or four directions. Even if the entrance was defended by a single gate tower, it was usually a very strong and deep structure with internal guard rooms and upper-floor firing apertures so as to harass the enemy inside the gate. The gate towers had at least a double set of gates on the outside and on the inside. For more pictures and information, go to BIBLE ARCHITECTURE: MEGIDDO | | ||||
NAZARETH - THE HOUSE OF MARY AND JOSEPH Of course no-one knows what Mary and Joseph's house in Nazareth was like - the house itself disappeared many centuries ago. But we do know what ordinary village houses looked like in 1st century Palestine. The basic floor plan had a central courtyard with a number of rooms opening off it. These rooms were small by our standard, with a minimum of windows. Lattice work and shutters were used to cover window openings. The size of the rooms was small. Stairs or a wooden ladder led up onto the roof, which was used as an outdoor room partly shaded by matting or a tent-like superstructure. The inside rooms tended to be small and dark, so the courtyard and the roof were important parts of the house, used for tasks that needed good light - Mary and the women of her family would have spun yarn, woven fabric and prepared food there. In hot weather the family members slept there as well. For more pictures and information, go to BIBLE ARCHITECTURE: HOUSING | | ||||
JERICHO - THE WALLS 'On the seventh day the people rose early at dawn, and marched around the city seven times. They shouted, and the trumpets were blown. As soon as the people heard the sound of the trumpets, they raised a great shout, and the wall fell down flat; so the people charged straight ahead into the city and captured it.' (Joshua 6) Did the walls of Jericho come tumbling down at the sound of Joshua's horn, as the Bible describes? In Joshua 2:1 he commands his soldiers to reconnoiter the city, and it is subsequently destroyed. And the walls certainly did come tumbling down. There is evidence of a collapsed stone and mud brick support wall. There is also evidence of destruction by fire. Archaeological teams have discovered a number of storage jars containing charred grain from the last Canaanite city that existed at ancient Jericho. This would indicate that the city was conquered at harvest-time and then burned. But it is impossible to tell whether this destruction was caused by invasion or earthquake. Possibly both occurred and both were responsible - and why not? Both were part of God's unfathomable plan for his people. For more pictures and information, go to BIBLE ARCHITECTURE: JERICHO | | ||||
SEPPHORIS - THE THEATRE Sepphoris is not mentioned in the Bible, but it was just a good stretch of the leg from Nazareth, and Jesus certainly knew the town. In fact, it is quite probable that Joseph and his young son Jesus worked there - they were builders, and Sepphoris was one of King Herod's great building projects when Jesus was a boy. Since Nazareth was only a small village and work would have been limited if not downright scarce, Joseph may have helped build the beautiful theater there. The theater is about 74meters in diameter, with enough seats for 4,500 people. The people who attended this theater were sophisticated, admiring Greek and Roman plays. Traditional, conservative Jews such as Jesus and his family frowned on this sort of activity, and preferred their own Jewish culture. For more pictures and information, go to BIBLE ARCHAEOLOGY: CITIES | | ||||
CAPERNAUM - THE SYNAGOGUE The white marble synagogue in this photograph is not the one that Jesus taught in, but it was built on top of an earlier one from the first half of the 1st century AD - almost certainly the one in which Jesus taught. The original synagogue was of black basalt, with gray marble columns and a cobblestone floor. Jesus performed many miracle here, and chose four of his disciples from among its population: Peter, Andrew and the two sons of Zebedee, James and John. Perhaps it was here that the crippled woman was healed by Jesus - the text says he 'called her over', presumably from the seats along the wall of the synagogue. |
Farmer spends 30 years on model Biblical Temple |
Sunday, 19 April 2009 | |
Brick by brick, tiny figure by tiny figure, Alec Garrard has painstakingly worked for 30 years on an astonishing recreation of Herod's Temple. But despite spending all that time and effort the retired farmer believes he won't finish it in his lifetime as he keeps finding things to add to it. In contrast, legend has it that the original construction of the entire complex lasted only three years, although historians believe it took far longer. It was his fascination for religion and buildings which first started Alec on the Biblical project which now measures 20ft by 12ft and is housed in a seperate building in his garden. His version is so impressive that some of the world's top archaeologists and experts from the British Museum have come to view it. 'It's now recognised as the most authentic version of the temple in the world,' he said. 'I've had a lot of offers from people to buy it, but it's not for sale.' And while he sees it as a form of relaxation, he says his wife thinks he is mad. 'She wishes she'd married a normal person,' he said. The original temple was built in 19BC by King Herod the Great but was flattened in AD70 by Roman troops under Emperor Titus during the Siege of Jerusalem, just six years after completion. In its heyday the complex covered 36 acres - four times the area of Windsor Castle. Today, all that remains of the temple is the Western Wall or so-called Wailing Wall. The temple itself was located on the site of the Islamic shrine the Dome of the Rock. When Jesus came to Jerusalem, the temple had just been rebuilt and it was in an area known as Solomon's Porch that he argued with rabbis, amazing them with his questions and answers. Herod, keen to perpetuate his name through building projects, ensured that the temple dominated the Jerusalem landscape, effectively becoming its focal point. "I have been working on it for decades but it will never be finished as I'm always finding something new to add,' he said. 'I've always loved making models and as I was getting older I started to think about making one big project which would see me through to the end of my life. Mr Garrard said he had seen one or two models of the temple and thought he could do better so began building one himself. 'I have an interest in buildings and religion so I thought maybe I could combine the two and I came up with the idea of doing the temple,' he said. The original temple featured the Court of the Priests, where the animals were prepared for sacrifice, the Golden Vine at the entrance to the Temple and the Eastern Gate. Since the day the temple was destroyed scholars have argued over the detail of its construction. Mr Garrard, from Norfolk, spent more than three years researching the temple, which was destroyed by the Romans 2,000 years ago and deemed to be one of the most remarkable buildings of ancient times. He then started to construct the amazing 1:100 scale model. 'Everything is made by hand. I cut plywood frames for the walls and buildings and all the clay bricks and tiles were baked in the oven then stuck together,' he said. As well as having religious services, the temple had a bazaar, people selling souvenirs, as well as currency changers, exchanging Roman for Jewish money, as mentioned in the New Testament account of Jesus and the money changers. 'I have also sculpted and painted 4,000 figures, measuring just half an inch and all wearing their correct costumes. 'Each one takes about three hours to make and there are 32 versions of Jesus, although no one can ever spot him no matter how religious they are.' |
Secrets of Jerusalem's Temple Mount, by Leen and Kathleen Ritmeyer. BAS, 1998.
Interior Layout of | |
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